- Abraham (ca. 1900 B.C.E.)
- Aknaton (14 th. cent. B.C.E.)
- Moses (fl. 1220-1200)
- David (1013-973)
- Thales (ca. 640-546)
- Zoroaster (660-583)
- Anaximander (ca. 610-545)
- Pythagoras (ca. 581-507)
- Xenophanes (ca. 570-480)
- Anaximenes (fl. 550)
- Heraclitus (ca. 535-470)
- Lao Tzu (570-510)
- Confucious (551-479)
- Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) (566-486)
- Parmedides (fl. 500-450)
- Anaxagoras (ca. 500-428)
- Empedocles (ca. 490-445)
- Gorgias (483-375)
- Protagoras (490-420)
- Zeno of Elea (fl. 475)
- Mo Tzu
- Job (ca. 400)
- Socrates (469-399)
- Democritus (460-370)
- Plato (427-347)
- Chuang Tzu (369-?)
- Aristotle (384-322)
- Theophrastus (ca. 372-287)
- Mencius (372?-298?)
- Pyrrho (360-270)
- Epicurus (341-277)
- Zeno the Stoic (336-265)
- Diogenes (413-323)
- Hsün Tzu (298-212)
- Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 B.C.E.)
- Lucretius (c. 94-c.55)
- Jesus Christ (ca. 5 B.C.E.-30 C.E.)
- Philo (fl. 20 B.C.E.- 4 C.E.)
- St. Paul (ca. 10 C.E.-ca. 65 C.E.)
- Epictetus (50-125)
- Marcus Aurelius (121-180)
- Nagarjuna (ca. 150-200)
- Plotinus (ca. 205-269)
- Sextus Empiricus (3rd cent. C.E.)
- St. Augustine (354-430)
- Muhammed (c. 570-632)
- al-Kindi (ca. 800-866)
- Murasaki Shikibu (978-1015)
- Sei Shonagan (966-?)
- Ibn Sinã, or Avicenna (980-1037)
- St. Anselm (ca. 1033-1109)
- Peter Abelard (1079-1144?)
- Ibn Rushd, or Averroes (1126-1198)
- Chu Hsi (1130-1200)
- Moses Maimonides (1135-1204)
- Dögen (1200-1253)
- Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)
- Meister Eckhardt (1260-c. 1327)
- Tsong Khapa (1357-1419)
- Niccolo Machiavelli (1467-1527)
- Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
- Desiderius Erasmus (1469-1530)
- Martin Luther (1483-1546)
- John Calvin (1509-1564)
- Teresa of Avila (1515-1582)
- Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)
- Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
- Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
- Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
- René Descartes (1596-1650)
- Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
- Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)
- John Locke (1632-1704)
- Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646-1716)
- Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
- Giambattista Vico (1668-1744)
- Bishop George Berkeley (1685-1753)
- Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet de (1694-1778)
- Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758)
- David Hume (1711-1776)
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
- Adam Smith (1723-1790)
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
- Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
- Johann Herder (1744-1803)
- Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)
- James Mill (1773-1836)
- Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)
- Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
- Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872)
- John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
- Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
- Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)
- Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
- Karl Marx (1818-1883)
- Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914)
- William James (1842-1910)
- Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
- Gottlob Frege (1848-1925)
- Sigmund Freud (1856-1936)
- Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)
- John Dewey (1859-1952)
- Henri Bergson (1859-1941)
- Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947)
- Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936)
- Max Weber (1864-1920)
- Benedetto Croce (1866-1952)
- W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963)
- Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)
- Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)
- Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
- Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)
- Gabriel Marcel (1889-1973)
- Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)
- Kurt Gödel (1906-1978)
- John Austin (1911-1960)
- Albert Camus (1913-1960)
- Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986)
- Malcolm X (1925-1965)
- Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968)
Kaynak: A Passion for Wisdom: A Very Brief History of Philosophy
Yazar: Robert C. Solomon, Kathleen M. Higgins
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